He maha ngā hapa o te papanga greige he ture anō ō rātou, ā, he ngāwari te kimi i te pūtake o ngā hapa e ai ki ngā ture. Mā ngā āhuatanga mārama o ngā hapa poutū me ngā hapa whakapae o te papanga greige ka tere te kimi i te pūtake o ngā hapa.

Ko te hapa poutū i puta mai i te papanga hina i te tūranga pūmau whakapae, ahakoa he ngira ngaro, he ngira tauira, he ngira hinu, he ngira angiangi, he kōhao rānei te hapa, i puta mai i te pūwāhi pūmau whakapae o te mīhini e hurihuri tahi ana me te papanga hina. Pērā i ngā ngira whatu, ngā rango ngira, ngā hāte kotahi me ngā totohu.

E ai ki te momo hapa, tirohia mēnā kei te ora tonu te āhua o ēnei wāhanga i te tūranga e rite ana o te hapa, tae atu ki: mēnā he piko te arero ngira, mēnā he ngāwari te hurihuri o te arero ngira; mēnā he piko te korokoro totohu, he pūwero rānei, i roto i te awa totohu mēnā he korekore te nekehanga, mēnā he putiputi rere kei roto i te awa; mēnā he rerekētanga, he huruhuru rānei kei te waha o te rango ngira, mēnā he korekore te nekehanga i roto i te awa ngira o te ngira whatu.

Koha taha

Ko te hapa whakapae i puta mai i te papanga hina i te tūranga poutū pumau, ahakoa he ngira ngaro, he ngira putiputi, he kōhao rānei te hapa, ko te take o te hapa kāore e neke tahi me te whatu, me hono atu ki tētahi ara o ngā āhuatanga.

otinga

Tuatahi, kimihia he miro hei tohu, ā, whakatauhia ngā āhuatanga kāore e whai i te nekehanga o te whatu. Ko ngā āhuatanga kāore e whai i te nekehanga o te whatu ko te arataki miro, te kāme whatu (tae atu ki te totohu), te miro e whakamahia ana mō te whatu, me te mea kua pakaru te kōhao arataki, kāore rānei; mehemea kua wetekina te kāme, mehemea kei te tika te tūnga o te ngira pēhi; mehemea kei te peke te kukū o te miro, mehemea kei te rite ki ētahi atu ara, me te mea kei te tutuki te kaha i ngā whakaritenga.