Ko Turkey, te tuatoru o ngā kaiwhakarato kakahu nui rawa atu o Ūropi, e anga atu ana ki ngā utu hanga teitei ake, ā, kei te tūpono hoki ka heke iho i muri i ngā hoa whakataetae o Āhia whai muri i te whakapikinga a te kāwanatanga i ngā taake mō ngā kawemai kakahu tae atu ki ngā rauemi mata.

E ai ki ngā kaipupuri moni o te umanga kakahu, kei te pēhia te umanga e ngā taake hou, tētahi o ngā kaituku mahi nui rawa atu o Turkey, ā, e tuku ana i ngā waitohu Pākehā nunui pērā i a H&M, Mango, Adidas, Puma me Inditex. I whakatūpato rātou mō te whakakorenga mahi i Turkey i te mea ka piki ake ngā utu kawemai, ā, ka ngaro te wāhi mākete o ngā kaihanga Turkish ki ngā hoa whakataetae pērā i a Bangladesh me Vietnam.

I runga i te hangarau, ka taea e ngā kaihokohoko te tono mō ngā whakawāteatanga taake, engari e ai ki ngā tāngata o roto o te umanga he utu nui, he roa hoki te wā, ā, kāore e mahi i roto i te mahi mō te maha o ngā kamupene. Ahakoa i mua i te whakatinanatanga o ngā taake hou, kua raru kē te umanga i te pikinga o te pikinga utu, te ngoikore o te tono me te hekenga o ngā hua i te mea e kite ana ngā kaihokohoko i te lira he nui rawa te uara, me ngā hua o te whakamātautau roa a Turkey ki te tapahi i ngā reiti huamoni i waenganui i te pikinga utu.

E ai ki ngā kaihokohoko o Turkey ka taea e ngā waitohu ahua te tu atu ki ngā pikinga utu tae atu ki te 20 ōrau, engari mā ngā utu teitei ake ka hua ake he mate mākete.

I kī tētahi kaihanga kākahu wāhine mō ngā mākete o Ūropi me Amerika, kāore e neke atu i te 50 hēneti te utu o tētahi T-hate $10 nā ngā taripa hou. Kāore ia e tumanako ka ngaro ngā kaihoko, engari i kī ia ka whakakaha ake ngā huringa i te hiahia kia neke te umanga kākahu o Turkey mai i te hanga papatipu ki te tāpiri uara. Engari ki te tohe tonu ngā kaiwhakarato Turkish ki te whakataetae ki a Bangladesh, ki a Vietnam rānei mō ngā T-hate $3, ka hinga rātou.

I kaweake a Turkey i te $10.4 piriona o ngā kakahu me te $21.2 piriona o ngā kakahu i te tau kua hipa, koia te tuarima me te tuaono o ngā kaihoko nui rawa atu o te ao. Ko ia te tuarua o ngā kaihoko kakahu nui rawa atu me te tuatoru o ngā kaiwhakarato kakahu nui rawa atu i te EU tata, e ai ki te European Clothing and Textile Federation (Euratex).

I heke te wāhi mākete o Ūropi ki te 12.7% i te tau kua hipa mai i te 13.8% i te tau 2021. I heke te kaweake kakahu me ngā kakahu ki te neke atu i te 8% tae noa ki Oketopa o tēnei tau, ā, i rite tonu te whānui o ngā kaweake, e ai ki ngā raraunga ahumahi.

I heke te maha o ngā kaimahi kua rēhitatia i roto i te umanga kakahu mā te 15% i te marama o Ākuhata. Ko te whakamahinga o te kaha ko te 71% i te marama kua hipa, ki te whakaritea ki te 77% mō te rāngai hanga whānui, ā, i kī ngā āpiha ahumahi he maha ngā kaihanga miro e mahi ana i te tata ki te 50% o te kaha.

Kua ngaro te uara o te lira i te 35% i tēnei tau, ā, kua ngaro te 80% i roto i ngā tau e rima. Engari e kī ana ngā kaihoko ki tāwāhi me heke te uara o te lira kia pai ake ai te whakaata i te pikinga utu, e neke atu ana i te 61% i tēnei wā, ā, kua eke ki te 85% i te tau kua hipa.

E ai ki ngā āpiha ahumahi, kua tapahia te 170,000 ngā mahi i roto i te umanga kakahu me te kakahu i tēnei tau. E matapaetia ana ka eke ki te 200,000 i te mutunga o te tau i te mea ka whakamatao te whakawhāititanga o te pūtea i te ōhanga e wera rawa ana.