Kua karanga te Huihuinga Hokohoko me te Whakawhanaketanga o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao (UNCTAD) ki ngā kaipuke me ngā ratonga kawe waka o te ao kia hanga he pakari mō te mekameka tuku taonga mā te whakapiki ake i te haumi ki ngā hanganga me te oranga tonutanga hei whakarite mō ngā raruraru ā muri ake nei. Kei te akiaki hoki te UNCTAD i ngā tauranga, ngā kaipuke me ngā hononga ki tuawhenua kia huri ki te pūngao iti-waro.

E ai ki te pukapuka matua a te UNCTAD, 'Maritime Transport in Review 2022', kua whakaatuhia e te raruraru mekameka tuku i ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei he taupatupatu i waenga i te tuku me te tono mō te kaha kawe waka moana, ā, kua piki ake ngā utu utanga, kua noho puku te waka, ā, kua tino raruraru ngā mekameka uara o te ao.

I te mea e whakaatu ana ngā raraunga he nui ake i te 80% o ngā taonga hokohoko o te ao e haria ana e ngā kaipuke, ā, he nui ake te wāhi i roto i te nuinga o ngā whenua whakawhanake, he mea nui kia hangaia he ātete ki ngā ru e whakararuraru ana i ngā mekameka tuku, te pikinga utu wahie, me te pā ki te oranga o te hunga rawakore. i whakaputaina i roto i te pūrongo o tēnei pukapuka.

Ko te iti o te tuku ratonga kawe me te pikinga o te tono mō ngā taonga kaihoko me te hokohoko ipurangi kei te akiaki i ngā utu utanga mō ngā ipu ki te rima ngā wā i mua i te mate urutā i te tau 2021, ā, ka eke ki tōna taumata teitei rawa atu i te tīmatanga o te tau 2022, ka piki ake ngā utu kaihoko. Kua heke ngā utu mai i waenganui o te tau 2022, engari kei te teitei tonu mō ngā utanga tāke hinu me te hau nā te raruraru pūngao tonu.

E karanga ana a UNCTAD ki ngā whenua kia arotakehia ngā panonitanga pea o te tono kaipuke, kia whakawhanakehia, kia whakapai ake hoki i ngā hanganga tauranga me ngā hononga tuawhenua, me te whakauru atu hoki i te rāngai tūmataiti. Me whakarei ake hoki e rātou te hononga tauranga, me whakawhānui ake i te wāhi rokiroki me te kaha, me te whakaiti i te korenga o ngā kaimahi me ngā taputapu, e ai ki te pūrongo.

E kī ana anō te pūrongo a te UNCTAD ka taea hoki te whakaiti i te maha o ngā whakararuraru i te mekameka tuku taonga mā te whakahaere i te hokohoko, inā koa mā te mamati, e whakaiti ana i te wā tatari me te wā tuku i ngā tauranga, ā, e tere ake ai te tukatuka tuhinga mā ngā tuhinga hiko me ngā utu.

E ai ki te pūrongo, mā te pikinga o ngā utu nama, te tirohanga pōuri ohaoha me te koretake o ngā ture ka whakakore i te haumi ki ngā kaipuke hou e whakaiti ana i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi.

E akiaki ana te UNCTAD i te ao whānui kia whakarite kia kaua ngā whenua e tino pāngia kinotia ana e te huringa āhuarangi, me ngā whenua hoki kāore i tino pāngia e ngā take, e pāngia kinotia e ngā mahi hei whakaiti i te huringa āhuarangi i roto i ngā waka moana.

Nā te whakaurunga whakapae mā roto i ngā hanumitanga me ngā hokonga kua hurihia te umanga kaipuke ipu. Kei te whai hoki ngā kamupene kaipuke i te whakaurunga poutū mā te haumi ki ngā mahi taunga me ētahi atu ratonga kawe waka. Mai i te tau 1996 ki te tau 2022, kua piki te wāhi o ngā kaikawe ipu 20 o runga mai i te 48% ki te 91%. I roto i ngā tau e rima kua pahure ake nei, kua whakapiki ake ngā kaiwhakahaere matua e whā i tā rātou wāhi mākete, ā, neke atu i te haurua o te kaha kaipuke o te ao te mana whakahaere, e ai ki te pūrongo.

E karanga ana te UNCTAD ki ngā mana whakahaere whakataetae me ngā mana whakahaere tauranga kia mahi tahi ki te aro atu ki te whakakotahitanga o ngā umanga mā roto i ngā mahi hei tiaki i te whakataetae. E akiaki ana te pūrongo i te mahi tahi nui atu o te ao ki te whawhai ki ngā whanonga whakahē-whakataetae whakawhiti-rohe i roto i te kawe waka moana, e ai ki ngā ture me ngā mātāpono whakataetae a te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao.