1. Tikanga whatu
Ko te tikanga whatu ko te pouaka kāme o te mīhini whatu porowhita, ko te nuinga he rango, he ngira whatu, he kāme, he totohu (anakemīhini hāte kotahikei a ia) me ētahi atu wāhanga.
1. Porotakaroa
Ko te rango e whakamahia ana i roto i te mīhini whatu porowhita he momo whakauru te nuinga, e whakamahia ana hei whakanoho i te ngira whatu.
2. Kāmera
E kiia ana hoki te kāme ko te kokonga maunga me te kokonga kātene wai. Māna e whakahaere te ngira whatu me te totohu kia puta he nekehanga tauutuutu i roto i te awaawa rango kia rite ki ngā hiahia rerekē o ngā momo whatu o te mīhini whatu porowhita. E rima ngā momo kāme: te kāme koropiko (kāme ngira katoa), te kāme tuck (kāme haurua ngira), te kāme mānu (kāme ngira papatahi), te kāme ārai-aho (kāme putiputi momona), me te kāme ngira (kāme ārai).
3. Totohu
Ko te totohu, e mōhiotia ana ko te totohu, he wāhanga motuhake o te mīhini whatu mō ngā mīhini kotahi te kākahu, ā, e whakamahia ana hei mahi tahi me ngā ngira whatu mō te mahi hanga noa.
4. Ngā ngira whatu
Ko te teitei o te pere ngira o taua tauira anō te mea e mōhiotia ai ngā ngira whatu. Ko tāna mahi he whakaoti i te mahi mai i te miro ki te papanga.
2. Te tikanga kukume me te takai
Ko te mahi a te mīhini kume me te takai he kukume i te papanga whatu i whatua e te mīhini whatu porowhita i waho o te wāhi whatu ka takai (ka whakapiko rānei) kia rite ki tētahi āhua takai. Kei roto i te mīhini kume me te takai he mea hora papanga (he anga tautoko papanga), he ringa taraiwa, he pouaka taputapu whakatikatika me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko ōna āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
1. Kei raro i te pereti nui he pana whakapūmau. Ina haere te ringa tuku me te whao porotaka mā roto i tētahi wāhi, ka tukuna he tohu hei ine i ngā raraunga takai kakahu me te maha o ngā hurihanga o te mīhini whatu porowhita, kia rite ai te taumaha o te kakahu (te takanga o te kakahu).
2. Tetango ihoKa whakahaerehia te tere e te pouaka taputapu, me ngā taputapu 120, 176 rānei, ka taea te urutau tika ki ngā hiahia o te kume o te takai kakahu o ngā momo tauira me ngā momo i roto i te whānuitanga.

3. Tikanga tuku
Ko te tikanga tuku he motuka tere kore-taahiraa e whakahaerehia ana e te kaitahuri. Ka whakamahia e te motuka he whitiki-V, he whitiki tukutahi rānei (whitiki niho) hei akiaki i te taputapu pou taraiwa, ka tukuna ki te taputapu kōpae nui, kia peia ai te rango ngira e kawe ana i te ngira whatu hei whakahaere i te raranga. Ka toro atu te rakau taraiwa ki te mīhini porowhita nui, ka peia te kōpae whāngai miro hei tuku i te miro kia rite ki te nui. Me rere pai te tikanga tuku, me te kore haruru.